Why does crutch adjustment matter?
Correct adjustment helps the crutches provide support without creating unnecessary strain through the hands, wrists, shoulders or back.
Crutches that are too high or too low can alter posture and make walking more difficult.
The appropriate setup also depends on whether the crutches have fixed or adjustable cuffs and whether the user has been given specific weight-bearing instructions.
How high should forearm crutches be?
The handgrips should normally sit at a height that allows the elbows to remain slightly bent when the user is standing upright.
The shoulders should remain relaxed rather than being pushed upwards.
For adjustable crutches, change the shaft length gradually and check both sides are set evenly unless a clinician has advised otherwise.
Where should the forearm cuff sit?
On standard forearm crutches, the cuff should sit securely around the forearm without restricting circulation or movement.
It should not press directly into the elbow joint.
Double-adjustable models allow both the shaft length and the distance between the handgrip and cuff to be altered, which can help achieve a more individual fit.
What is the difference between single- and double-adjustable crutches?
A single-adjustable crutch usually allows the overall shaft height to be changed.
A double-adjustable crutch allows both the overall length and the cuff-to-handgrip position to be adjusted.
This gives greater flexibility where the user has different arm proportions or requires a more tailored forearm position.
Should both crutches be the same height?
In most cases, yes.
Both crutches should normally be adjusted consistently so the shoulders and arms can work symmetrically.
If a healthcare professional has specifically recommended a different setup because of an individual condition, follow that advice.
How should crutches be used when walking?
The walking pattern depends on the amount of weight the user is allowed to place through the affected leg.
Common patterns include:
- non-weight-bearing;
- toe-touch or touch weight-bearing;
- partial weight-bearing;
- weight-bearing as tolerated;
- full weight-bearing.
These terms have specific rehabilitation meanings, so the correct technique should follow the instructions provided by the treating healthcare professional.
Important: Do not increase the amount of weight placed through an injured or operated leg simply because walking feels easier. Follow the weight-bearing instructions given by your clinical team.
How do you use crutches if you are non-weight-bearing?
Where non-weight-bearing has been prescribed, the affected leg should not be used to support body weight.
The crutches are moved forward and the user transfers weight through the arms while moving the unaffected leg.
This technique requires adequate upper-body strength, balance and coordination.
Anyone unsure about the technique should receive appropriate instruction before attempting it independently.
What does partial weight-bearing mean?
Partial weight-bearing means that only a limited amount of body weight should be placed through the affected leg.
The permitted amount can vary considerably, so the term should not be interpreted without the specific instructions given by the healthcare professional managing recovery.
Should you lean heavily through the cuffs?
No. Standard forearm crutches are designed so support is primarily transferred through the handgrips.
The cuffs help control and position the crutches around the forearms but are not usually intended to carry the user's full body weight.
Platform-style crutches are different because they are specifically designed to distribute support over a larger part of the forearm.
What if your hands or wrists hurt?
Some pressure through the hands is expected when using standard crutches, but persistent pain, numbness or significant discomfort should not simply be ignored.
Check that:
- the crutches are the correct height;
- the handgrips are secure;
- the wrists are not being held in an awkward position;
- the user is not placing more load through the crutches than instructed.
If standard handgrips remain difficult to tolerate, professional advice may be useful.
How should you use crutches on stairs?
Stair technique depends on whether a handrail is available and how much weight can be placed through the affected leg.
Where possible, users should be shown the appropriate technique by a physiotherapist or other healthcare professional.
Do not attempt stairs independently if balance or confidence is poor.
What should you check before using crutches?
Regularly inspect:
- the rubber ferrules for wear;
- the height-adjustment buttons or clips;
- the cuffs and handgrips;
- the shafts for bending or damage;
- that both crutches are securely locked at the chosen settings.
Worn ferrules can significantly reduce grip and should be replaced.
Can crutches be used long term?
Some people use crutches temporarily during rehabilitation, while others may require them for longer-term mobility support.
For prolonged use, fit, comfort, upper-limb function and walking technique become particularly important.
Regular review may be helpful if mobility requirements change over time.
When should professional advice be considered?
Seek professional guidance if:
- you are unsure how the crutches should be adjusted;
- you have specific weight-bearing restrictions;
- you are struggling to maintain balance;
- you develop persistent hand, wrist, shoulder or back pain;
- you are unsure about using stairs;
- your mobility has changed significantly;
- you are progressing from crutches to another walking aid.
